terminus a quo

• The end from which

• terminologist

• terminus a quo

• terminus a quo

• termite nest

• white ant

• terminus a quo

• termite nest

• terminus a quo

• termite nest

• white ant

• terminus a quo

• termite nest

con-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. (a strengthened cedo, and corresp. with it in most of its signiff.); lit., to go, walk; hence,

Neutr., with reference to the terminus a quo, to go or walk away from a place, to depart, retire, withdraw, remove from (in lit. signif. rare but class.).

In gen.:

concedite atque abscedite omnes, de viā decedite,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; so absol., Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 102; id. Hec. 4, 2, 21; cf.:

ipsae concedite silvae,

farewell, Verg. E. 10, 63.—With prep.:

a foribus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82:

abs te,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 51:

ab oculis alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

ex aedibus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 57.—With abl. only:

oculis,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

caelo,

Verg. A. 10, 215:

solio,

Sil. 3, 628.—With adv.:

hinc,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11.—

Esp.

Pregn. ( = cedo, II. A. 2.), to pass away, disappear, vanish, in Tac. (with and without vitā), to depart from life, die:

tumor et irae Concessere deūm,

Verg. A. 8, 41:

vitā,

to die, Tac. A. 1, 3; 3, 30; 6, 39; 12, 39; 14, 51; and absol.: quandoque concessero, id. ib. 4, 38; 13, 30;

the same: concessit superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91; cf.:

vitā per auras concessit ad Manes,

id. ib. 10, 820. —

With dat. or absol., prop. qs. to go out of the way for one (on account of his wishes, or his superior power or excellence), i. e. to yield to, submit, give way to, adapt one's self to.

To yield or submit to power or compulsion:

ut magnitudini medicinae doloris magnitudo concederet,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 29, 63:

certum est, concedere homini nato nemini,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 15:

neque nox quoquam concedit die (i. e. diei),

id. Am. 1, 1, 120 (cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 48): cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae, Cic. Poët. Off. 1, 22, 77 (cf. id. Pis. 30, 74, and Quint. 11, 1, 24):

bellum ac tumultum paci atque otio concessurum,

id. Pis. 30, 73:

voluptatem concessuram dignitati,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

injuriae,

Sall. J. 14, 24:

obsidioni,

i. e. permit, Tac. A. 13, 40:

operi meo concedite,

Ov. M. 8, 393; id. F. 1, 222:

naturae,

i. e. to die, Sall. J. 14, 15; so,

fato,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

fatis magnis,

Val. Fl. 1, 554:

apparebat aut hostibus aut civibus de victoriā concedendum esse,

Liv. 4, 6, 6; cf. so impers.:

postquam concessum propemodum de victoriā credebant,

id. 3, 60, 4.—

To give place to in excellence, dignity, rank, etc., to yield to, to give precedence:

me amantissimum tui, nemini concedentem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 2; so id. ib. 4, 3, 1;

4, 3, 4: etsi de cupiditate nemini concedam,

id. Att. 12, 47, 2:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

majestati ejus viri concedere,

Liv. 6, 6, 7:

aetati,

Sall. J. 11, 4; id. H. Fragm. 1, 17; cf. so impers.:

Sulla, cujus facundiae, non aetati a Manlio concessum,

id. J. 102, 4:

vigenti Silio,

Tac. A. 3, 43:

seniori Sentio,

id. ib. 2, 74:

ut vix Apronio illi de familiaritate concedere videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 108:

Antario Varoque de gloriā,

Tac. H. 3, 64:

nemini in illa causā studio et cupiditate concedere,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nec amore in hanc patriam nobis concedunt,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas,

Verg. E. 2, 57.—With acc. of quantity (cf. 3. infra):

magistro tantulum de arte,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118:

alicui quicquam in desperatione,

id. Att. 14, 18, 3. —

To yield, submit to one's will, comply with one's wishes:

ut tibi concedam, neque tuae libidini advorsabor,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 3:

matri meae,

id. ib. 3, 5, 28:

concessit senatus postulationi tuae,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47:

jurisconsultis concedi,

id. Caecin. 24, 67.— Impers.:

Caesar... concedendum non putabat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7.—

Like sunchôrein tini, to assent to, concede to:

nunquamne hodie concedes mihi Neque intelleges, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 22 (credes, consenties, Ruhnk.):

stultum me fateor, liceat concedere veris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 305 (cf. in Gr. sunchôrein têi alêtheiai).—

To assent to, grant, pardon, allow, etc.:

quos (judices) alienis peccatis concessuros putes, quo facilius ipsis peccare liceat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

poëtae non ignoscit, nobis concedit,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

dicto concedi,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3:

cui (vitio) si concedere nolis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 140; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 85.—Hence (cf. cedo, II. A. 3. fin.),

Act., with acc. (and dat.) aliquid alicui.

To grant, concede, allow; to consign something over to, to resign, yield, vouchsafe, confirm to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition):

illum mihi aequius est quam me illi quae volo concedere,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 47:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 9:

partem octavam pretii,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 3:

date hoc et concedite pudori meo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32; cf. Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 16:

alicui primas in dicendo partis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

amicis quicquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

neque quicquam illius audaciae,

id. Caecin. 35, 103:

doctrinam alicui,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf.:

artes tibi,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

intellegentiam, prudentiam,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

principatum imperii maritimi Atheniensibus,

Nep. Timoth. 2, 2; cf. id. Dion, 6, 3; Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 4; Prop. 2 (3), 15, 37; cf.:

tempus quieti, aut luxuriae,

Sall. J. 61, 3:

tempestivum pueris ludum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 142:

libertatem his,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15 fin.:

vitam alicui,

Suet. Caes. 68; id. Aug. 13; 16: crimen gratiae, i. e. to accuse or inform against for the sake of favor, Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 19:

peccata alicui,

to pardon him, id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128:

delicta,

Suet. Ner. 29.— Pass.: Siciliam nimis celeri desperatione rerum concessam, [p. 397] had been ceded, given up, Liv. 21, 1, 5:

Scaevolae concessa est facundiae virtus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9; 10, 1, 100 et saep.:

acrius... Ulcisci, quam nunc concessum est legibus aequis,

Lucr. 5, 1148; cf. Nep. Them. 10 fin.; Suet. Tib. 18.— Poet., with in and acc.:

concessit in iras Ipse... genitor Calydona Dianae,

gave over to be punished, Verg. A. 7, 305.—

With dat. and inf.:

nec nostrā dicere linguā Concedit nobis patrii sermonis egestas,

Lucr. 1, 831; so,

ducere neptem,

Cat. 64, 29:

esse poëtis,

Hor. A. P. 373; Suet. Aug. 44 et saep.— Impers. pass.:

de re publicā nisi per concilium loqui non conceditur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20 fin.:

quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12; Quint. 12, 1, 37; 12, 1, 42; 8, 6, 76; Suet. Ner. 12:

servis quoque pueros hujus aetatis verberare concedimus,

Curt. 8, 8, 3:

concedunt plangere matri,

Stat. Th. 6, 134:

cum accusare etiam palam concessum sit,

Quint. 6, 3, 28; 2, 17, 27; 11, 3, 150: 8, 3, 30; 12, 3, 8 al.— Poet.:

fatis numquam concessa moveri Camarina,

not allowed. forbidden to be removed, Verg. A. 3, 700; cf.

also personally: haec ubi conceduntur esse facta, for conceditur haec esse facta,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44.—

With acc. and inf.:

non omnia corpora vocem Mittere concedis,

you grant, Lucr. 2, 835:

oculos falli,

id. 4, 380; Quint. 2, 5, 25:

culpam inesse concedam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76:

poëtas legendos oratori futuro,

Quint. 1, 10, 29.— Pass. impers.:

concedatur profecto verum esse, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50. —

With ut or ne:

nec vero histrionibus oratoribusque concedendum est, ut iis haec apta sint, nobis dissoluta,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

verum concedo tibi ut ea praetereas, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

concedant ut viri boni fuerint,

id. Lael. 5, 18; id. de Or. 1, 13, 57; Lucr. 2, 658:

non concedo, ut sola sint,

Quint. 6, 2, 11 al.: cui concedi potest, ut? etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 13, 21:

ut concedatur ne in conspectum veniat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48.—

With a simple subj.:

concedo sit dives,

Cat. 114, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 523. —

Absol.:

beatos esse deos sumpsisti: concedimus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89; id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 2:

consules neque concedebant neque valde repugnabant,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 44.—

= condono, to grant or yield something to one as a favor or from regard, to desist from, forbear, give up; forgive, pardon:

inimicitias rei publicae,

to give up for the sake of the State, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 44:

petitionem alicui,

from regard to, id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

peccata liberum parentum misericordiae,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

cum Marcellum senatui reique publicae concessisti,

id. Marcell. 1, 3:

ut concessisti illum (sc. Marcellum) senatui, sic da hunc (sc. Ligarium) populo,

as you have pardoned him in deference to the Senate, id. Lig. 12, 37; cf. Nep. Att. 7 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 55; 4, 31:

Montanus patri concessus est,

id. ib. 16, 33 fin.

Neutr., in respect to the terminus ad quem, to go, walk, betake one's self somewhere, to retire, withdraw to, etc.; with ad, in, or adv.:

tantisper hic ego ad januam concessero,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 6 Wagn.; cf.:

ad Manes,

i. e. to die, Verg. A. 10, 820:

ad victorem,

Tac. H. 2, 51:

ad dexteram,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 12:

caeli distributio docet unde fulmen venerit, quo concesserit,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so Lucr. 1, 380:

huc,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 28; id. Trin. 2, 4, 116; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 122; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 270, 8:

istuc,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 56; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 39:

vis animae in altum,

Lucr. 4, 919:

in delubrum,

Liv. 30, 20, 6:

in hiberna,

id. 26, 20, 6; cf.:

Carthaginem Novam in hiberna,

id. 21, 15, 3:

Argos habitatum,

Nep. Them. 8, 1:

Cythnum,

Tac. A. 3, 69:

Neapolin,

id. ib. 14, 10:

Patavium,

id. H. 3, 11:

in insulam,

id. ib. 5, 19:

in turbam,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 143:

trans Rhenum,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

concede huc a foribus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 48:

hinc intro,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126:

hinc aliquo ab ore eorum,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11; cf.:

aliquo ab eorum oculis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

hinc rus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop.: in aliquid, of entering into an alliance, yielding to, etc., to agree or consent to, to assent, to submit, yield, or resign one's self, to acquiesce in, to go or pass over to any thing (freq. in the histt.):

mulier, conjuncta viro, concessit in unum Conubium,

Lucr. 5, 1010; cf.:

in matrimonium,

Just. 24, 2, 10: victi omnes in gentem nomenque imperantium concessere, were merged in, passed over into, Sall. J. 18, 12; so,

in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem,

id. C. 20, 7; cf.:

in dicionem,

Liv. 38, 16, 9:

in dominationem,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22 Gerl.:

in deditionem,

Liv. 28, 7, 9; 39, 2, 4; 42, 53, 7:

in Tyrias leges,

Sil. 15, 6:

in condiciones,

Liv. 2, 33, 1:

in sententiam,

id. 32, 23, 12; 32, 36, 8; Tac. A. 1, 79 fin.; cf.: in illos, assent to, yield to them, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Avid. 3, 7:

in partes,

Tac. H. 2, 1.

dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.

dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.

In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

Lucr. 3, 224:

(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

id. ib. 1, 2:

decedere de provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

147): de vita decedere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

exire de vita,

id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

excedere e vita,

id. ib. 3, 12):

de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

de castris procedere,

Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

Cato R. R. 157, 6:

de digito anulum detraho,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

id. Sest. 33, 72:

ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

... decido de lecto praeceps,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

de muro se deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

de sella exsilire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

de caelo aliquid demittere,

Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—

In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

emere de aliquo,

Cato R. R. 1, 4:

aliquid mercari de aliquo,

Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

saepe hoc audivi de patre,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

Suet. Ner. 46:

ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

Ov. F. 4, 822;

so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.

To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

caupo de via Latina,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

nescio qui de circo maximo,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

id. Or. 15, 47:

homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

nautae de navi Alexandrina,

Suet. Aug. 98:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

Libyca de rupe leones,

Ov. F. 2, 209:

nostro de rure corona,

Tib. 1, 1, 15:

Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

Juv. 6, 344 al.:

de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

de Numitore sati,

Ov. F. 5, 41:

de libris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

de Philocteta, id,

ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

e Philocteta versus,

Quint. 3, 1, 14).

Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

de tergo plagas dare,

from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

de paupere mensa dona,

Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760:

lucerna de camera pendebat,

Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

Ov. F. 1, 152:

de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.

In time.

Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

de concursu,

Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

Cic. Att. 12, 3:

non bonus somnus est de prandio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

diem de die proferendo,

Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.

De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

vigilas tu de nocte,

id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

de nocte evigilabat,

Suet. Vesp. 21:

ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

multa de nocte,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

media de nocte,

at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

de tertia vigilia,

id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

de quarta vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

de die potare,

by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

epulari de die,

Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

bibulus media de luce Falerni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

navigare de mense Decembri,

in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.

In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.

To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

si quis de nostris hominibus,

id. Flacc. 4:

quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

accusator de plebe,

id. Brut. 34, 131:

pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

malus poëta de populo,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

quantum de vita perdiderit,

Petr. 26:

praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —

Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly

to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;

for greater precision:

si quae sunt de eodem genere,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

persona de mimo,

id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;

in the poets, metri gratiā:

aliquid de more vetusto,

Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

laudes de Caesare,

Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

cetera de genere hoc,

Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).

To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

de tuo,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

de suo,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

de nostro,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

de vestro,

Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

de vestris,

Ov. F. 3, 828:

de alieno,

Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

de publico,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

de te largitor puer,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.

To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

niveo factum de marmore signum,

Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

verno de flore corona,

Tib. 2, 1, 59:

sucus de quinquefolio,

Plin. 26, 4, 11:

cinis de fico,

Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

de templo carcerem fleri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

captivum de rege facturi,

Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

fles de rhetore consul,

Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

de nihilo nihilum,

Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.

In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

dubitare de re,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

de suo adventu docere,

Suet. Caes. 9:

de moribus admonere,

Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,

To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

de labore pectus tundit,

with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

humus fervet de corpore,

id. ib. 7, 560:

facilius de odio creditur,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.

To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

credere de numero militum,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

de numero dierum fidem servare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

id. Jug. 26, 1:

concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

Liv. 6, 42:

solem de virgine rapta consule,

Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

de argento somnium,

as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

de Dionysio sum admiratus,

Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

de Samnitibus triumphare,

concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

de Atheniensibus victoria,

Curt. 8, 1, 33.

To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

de more vetusto,

Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

de nomine,

id. ib. 1, 447:

patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

id. F. 3, 77.

With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.

De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—

De improviso, unexpectedly:

ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—

De transverso, unexpectedly:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.

or pron. and its substantive; cf.

above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

quo de,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

qua de,

id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.

In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—

Signif.

Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—

Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—

With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—

Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—

Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

dĕ-hinc (in the poets freq. monosyllabic, e. g. Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; Ov. F. 6, 788 al.; cf. App. Orth. 45. Dissyllabic in Verg. G. 3, 167; id. A. 3, 464; 5, 722; id. Hor. S. 1, 3, 104; id. A. P. 144; Sil. 8, 473 al.).— Adv., from this place forth, from here, hence.

In space.

Lit. (not ante-Aug. and rare):

interiora Cedrosii, dehinc Persae habitant,

Mel. 3, 8, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38:

dehinc ab Syria usque ad, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 5. —

Transf.

In the order of succession ( poet.):

ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat ut speciosa dehinc miracula promat,

Hor. A. P. 143; Sil. 8, 473.—

Like our hence, to indicate a consequence (only in the foll. places):

sequi decretum'st, dehinc conjicito ceterum,

Plaut. Casin. 1, 6; Ter. And. 1, 2, 19.—

In time, with or without respect to the terminus a quo (freq. in Plaut. and Ter. and since the Aug. period; not in Cic., Caes., or Quint.).

With respect to the term. a quo, from this time forth, henceforth, henceforwards (in the future, opp. abhinc).

Cum futuro:

si ante quidem mentitus est, nunc jam dehinc erit verax tibi,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 161; cf.:

at ut scias, nunc dehinc latine jam loquar,

id. ib. 5, 2, 69; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33.—

Cum praes.:

profecto nemo est, quem jam dehinc metuam,

Plaut. Asin. 1, 1, 98; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5; so,

ut quiescant,

id. And. prol. 22:

ne exspectetis,

id. Ad. prol. 22: cf.:

juro me L. Tarquinium Superbum ferro, igni, quacunque dehinc vi possim, exsecuturum,

Liv. 1, 59.—

With imperat.:

at nunc dehinc scito, illum, etc.,

Plaut. Asin. 5, 2, 8; cf. id. Poen. prol. 125. —

Referring to a point of time in the past, thenceforwards, since then:

cum ex instituto Tiberii omnes dehinc Caesares beneficia... aliter rata non haberent,

Suet. Tit. 8:

duplex dehinc fama est,

id. Calig. 58. —

Without respect to the term. a quo, pointing to a future time.

Hereupon, afterwards, next, then (not anteAug.):

Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur,

Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; 5, 722; 6, 678; Hor. S. 1, 3, 104:

dehinc audito legionum tumultu raptim profectus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 34; 13, 35; 15, 36; Suet. Caes. 35:

post-positum,

Tac. A. 4, 14; 13, 23; 13, 38:

quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, Dona dehinc... imperat ad naves ferri,

Verg. A. 3, 464:

de qua dehinc dicam,

Suet. Aug. 97; id. Ner. 19.—

In enumerations ( = deinde), then (rare, and, excepting once in Sall., not anteAug.):

arduum videtur res gestas scribere: primum quod... dehinc quia, etc.,

Sall. C. 3, 2;

so after primum,

Verg. G. 3, 167;

after primo,

Suet. Aug. 49 fin.:

incipiet putrescere, dehinc laxata ire in humorem... tunc exsilient flumina, inde, etc.,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29.—Cf. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 229-232.

cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. [perh. for cecado, redupl. from cado], to go, i. e. to be in motion, move, walk, go along.

In gen.

Lit. (rare, and only poet.: for which, in the common lang., incedo);

candidatus cedit hic mastigia,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 10:

non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 74; Hor. S. 2, 1, 65.—More freq.,

Trop.

Like ire, to have some result, to eventuate, happen, result, turn out, to work; and, acc. to its connection, to turn out well or ill, to succeed or fail:

gesta quae prospere ei cesserunt,

Nep. Timoth. 4, 6; Sall. C. 26, 5; Tac. A. 1, 28:

cetera secundum eventum proelii cessura,

id. H. 3, 70; Suet. Aug. 91; Gell. 4, 5, 4:

bene,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; Ov. M. 8, 862; Plin. Pan. 44 fin.:

optime,

Quint. 10, 7, 14:

male,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; and:

male alicui,

Ov. M. 10, 80; Suet. Claud. 26; cf. Verg. A. 12, 148; Quint. 10, 2, 16:

utcumque cesserit,

Curt. 7, 4, 16; cf. Suet. Calig. 53; Tac. Agr. 18:

parum,

Suet. Claud. 34:

opinione tardius,

id. Ner. 33:

pro bono,

id. Tit. 7:

in vanum (labor),

Sen. Hippol. 183. —

Cedere pro aliquā re, to be equivalent to, to go for something, to be the price of:

oves, quae non peperint, binae pro singulis in fructu cedent,

Cato, R. R. 150, 2; Col. 12, 14; Tac. G. 14; Pall. Sept. 1, 4.—

In partic.

In respect to the terminus a quo.

To go from somewhere, to remove, withdraw, go away from, depart, retire (freq. and class.):

cedunt de caelo corpora avium,

Enn. Ann. 96 Vahl.:

quia postremus cedis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 29:

ego cedam atque abibo,

Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

cedens carinā,

Cat. 64, 249; cf. id. 64, 53:

quoquam,

Lucr. 5, 843:

aliquo sucus de corpore cessit,

id. 3, 223:

coma de vertice,

Cat. 66, 39:

e toto corpore anima,

Lucr. 3, 210:

ex ingratā civitate,

Cic. Mil. 30, 81:

e patriā,

id. Phil. 10, 4, 8:

patriā,

id. Mil. 25, 68:

Italiā,

id. Phil. 10, 4, 8; Nep. Att. 9, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85 fin. —

Milit. t. t.:

de oppidis,

to abandon, go away from, Cic. Att. 7, 22, 2:

loco,

to yield, give up his post, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2; Liv. 2, 47, 3; Tac. G. 6; Suet. Aug. 24 et saep.:

ex loco,

Liv. 3, 63, 1:

ex acie,

id. 2, 47, 2.—

In commercial lang. t. t.: foro, to withdraw from the market, i. e. to give up business, be insolvent, stop payment, Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2; Juv. 11, 50.—So also,

Bonis or possessionibus (alicui), to give up or cede one ' s property or interest (in favor of a person):

alicui hortorum possessione,

Cic. Mil. 27, 75; so id. Off. 2, 23, 82; cf. Suet. Tib. 10; id. Caes. 72; id. Ner. 35; id. Gram. 11.— Hence of debtors, to make over their property instead of payment; cf. Dig. 42, 3, tit. de cessione bonorum.—

Pregn. (cf. abeo, II.), to pass away, disappear; and specif.,

Of men, to die:

vitā,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 35; Hor. S. 1, 1, 119:

e vita,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4; Plin. Pan. 43, 4; cf.

senatu,

to withdraw from, Tac. A. 2, 48; 11, 25.—

Of time, to pass away, vanish:

horae quidem cedunt et dies et menses et anni,

Cic. Sen. 19, 69. —

Of other things: pudor ex pectore cessit, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 250, 26:

memoriā,

Liv. 2, 33, 9 (for which:

excedere memoriā,

Liv. 7, 32, 15; and:

excedere e memoriā,

id. 26, 13, 5):

non Turno fiducia cessit,

Verg. A. 9, 126:

cedant curaeque metusque,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 26 et saep.; cf. cesso.—

Trop.: cedere alicui or absol., to yield to one (to his superiority), to give the preference or precedence, give place to, submit to (class.; esp. freq. in the histt., of the weaker party, withdrawing, fleeing from).

To yield to, give place to:

quācumque movemur, (aër) videtur quasi locum dare et cedere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 83:

cedebat victa potestas,

Lucr. 5, 1271:

ubi vinci necesse est, expedit cedere,

Quint. 6, 4, 16; 11, 1, 17; 12, 10, 47; cf. Sall. J. 51, 1:

Viriatho exercitus nostri imperatoresque cesserunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40; Nep. Ham. 1, 2; Sall. J. 51, 4; Liv. 2, 10, 7; Tac. A. 1, 56; 4, 51; Suet. Tib. 16 et saep.:

Pelides cedere nescius,

Hor. C. 1, 6, 6:

di, quibus ensis et ignis Cesserunt,

i. e. who remained unhurt in the destruction of Troy, Ov. M. 15, 862:

eidem tempori, ejusdem furori, eisdem consulibus, eisdem minis, insidiis, periculis,

Cic. Sest. 29, 63; so,

fortunae,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

invidiae ingratorum civium,

Nep. Cim. 3, 2:

majorum natu auctoritati,

id. Timoth. 3, 4:

nocti,

Liv. 3, 17, 9, and 3, 60, 7; 4, 55, 5; cf. Quint. 5, 11, 9:

loco iniquo, non hosti cessum,

Liv. 8, 38, 9:

oneri,

Quint. 10, 1, 24:

vincentibus vitiis,

id. 8, 3, 45:

malis,

Verg. A. 6, 95 et saep.—

To yield to in rank, distinction, etc., i. e. to be inferior to:

cum tibi aetas nostra jam cederet, fascesque summitteret,

Cic. Brut. 6, 22:

nullā aliā re nisi immortalitate cedens caelestibus,

id. N. D. 2, 61, 153:

neque multum cedebant virtute nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 36: Picenis cedunt pomis Tiburtia suco;

Nam facie praestant,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 70; so,

anseribus (candore),

Ov. M. 2, 539:

laudibus lanificae artis,

id. ib. 6, 6;

5, 529: cum in re nullā Agesilao cederet,

Nep. Chabr. 2, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 108:

alicui de aliquā re,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80:

alicui re per aliquid,

id. 33, 3, 19, § 59.— Impers.:

ut non multum Graecis cederetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; Liv. 24, 6, 8. —

To comply with the wishes, to yield to one:

cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

Cic. Lig. 7, 21; cf. Tac. A. 12, 5:

precibus,

Cic. Planc. 4, 9:

cessit tibi blandienti Cerberus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 15;

cf,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 43 sq.; Verg. A. 2, 704; 3, 188; Ov. M. 6, 32; 6, 151; 9, 13;

9, 16: omnes in unum cedebant,

Tac. A. 6, 43; 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 12, 10 and 41.—Hence,

Act.: cedere (alicui) aliquid = concedere, to grant, concede, allow, give up, yield, permit something to some one:

permitto aliquid iracundiae tuae, do adulescentiae, cedo amicitiae, tribuo parenti,

Cic. Sull. 16, 46:

multa multis de jure suo,

id. Off. 2, 18, 64:

currum ei,

Liv. 45, 39, 2:

victoriam hosti,

Just. 32, 4, 7:

alicui pellicem et regnum,

id. 10, 2, 3:

imperium,

id. 22, 7, 4:

possessionem,

Dig. 41, 2, 1:

in dando et cedendo loco,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290.—Also with a clause as object, Stat. Th. 1, 704 (but in Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67, read credit).—And with ut and subj.:

hac victoriā contenta plebes cessit patribus, ut in praesentiā tribuni crearentur, etc.,

Liv. 6, 42, 3; Tac. A. 12, 41: non cedere with quominus, Quint. 5, 7, 2.—

In respect to the terminus ad quem, to arrive, attain to, come somewhere:

cedunt, petunt,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43:

ibi ad postremum cedit miles, aes petit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 52.—

Trop.:

hoc cedere ad factum volo,

come to its execution, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 102.—

Cedere alicui or in aliquem, to come to, fall ( as a possession) to one, to fall to his lot or share, [p. 308] accrue:

ut is quaestus huic cederet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:

captiva corpora Romanis cessere,

Liv. 31, 46, 16:

nolle ominari quae captae urbi cessura forent,

id. 23, 43, 14; Verg. A. 3, 297; 3, 333; 12, 17; 12, 183; Hor. C. 3, 20, 7; Ov. M. 5, 368; 4, 533:

undae cesserunt piscibus habitandae,

id. ib. 1, 74 al.:

alicui in usum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 134:

Lepidi atque Antonii arma in Augustum cessere,

Tac. A. 1, 1; so id. H. 3, 83; id. Agr. 5; id. A. 2, 23:

aurum ex hostibus captum in paucorum praedam cessisse,

Liv. 6, 14, 12; Curt. 7, 6, 16; Tac. A. 15, 45; for which: cedere praedae (dat.) alicujus, Liv. 43, 19, 12; and:

praeda cedit alicui,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 7:

ab Tullo res omnis Albana in Romanum cesserit imperium,

Liv. 1, 52, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 174:

in dicionem M. Antonii provinciae cesserant,

Tac. H. 5, 9.—

Cedere in aliquid, like abire in aliquid (v. abeo, II.), to be changed or to pass into something, to be equivalent to or become something:

poena in vicem fidei cesserat,

Liv. 6, 34, 2; cf.:

temeritas in gloriam cesserat,

Curt. 3, 6, 18; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91; Tac. H. 2, 59 fin.; id. G. 36; Plin. Pan. 83, 4:

in proverbium,

Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 42:

in exemplorum locum,

Quint. 5, 11, 36.—Hence, * cēdenter, adv. of the part. pres. cedens (not used as P. a.), by yielding, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 16, 129.

cĕdo, old imperat. form, whose contr. plur. is cette (cf. Prob. II. p. 1486 P.; Non. p. 84, 31 sq.) [compounded of the particle -ce and the root da-; v. 1. do], hither with it! here! give! tell, say (implying great haste, familiarity, authority, and so differing from praebe, dic, etc.); cf. Key, § 731.

In gen., hither with it, give or bring here.

With acc.:

cette manus vestras measque accipite,

Enn. Trag. 320 Vahl.:

cedo aquam manibus,

give water! Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

puerum, Phidippe, mihi cedo: ego alam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 86:

tuam mi dexteram,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28; so Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 84; and:

cette dextras,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 4:

senem,

bring hither the old man, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:

convivas,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 101:

quemvis arbitrum,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43: eum aliquis cette in conspectum, Att. ap. Non. p. 85, 1:

cedo illum,

Phaedr. 5, 2, 6.—

Absol.: Al. En pateram tibi: eccam. Am. Cedo mi, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 146. —

Esp.

Let us hear, tell, out with it:

age, age, cedo istuc tuom consilium: quid id est?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 91:

unum cedo auctorem tui facti, unius profer exemplum,

Cic. Verr 2, 5, 26, § 67:

cedo mihi unum, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 3, 12, § 29: cedo, si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cato ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21: cedo, cujum puerum hic apposuisti? dic mihi. Ter. And. 4, 4, 24; cf. Naev. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 20; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 82; Pac. ap. Non. p. 85, 6; Cic. Part. Or. 1, 3:

cedo igitur, quid faciam,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 9; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 71, 146; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 106: cedo, si conata peregit, tell how, if, etc., Juv. 13, 210; so id. 6, 504.—With dum:

cedo dum, en unquam audisti, etc.?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15.—

In respect to action, cedo = fac, ut, grant that, let me:

cedo ut bibam,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 26:

cedo ut inspiciam,

id. Curc. 5, 2, 54:

ego, statim, cedo, inquam si quid ab Attico,

Cic. Att. 16, 13, a, 1.—

For calling attention, lo! behold! well! cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109:

cedo mihi ipsius Verris testimonium,

id. ib. 2, 1, 33, § 84; id. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf. id. Brut. 86, 295; id. Sest. 50, 108:

haec cedo ut admoveam templis, et farre litabo,

Pers. 2, 75:

cedo experiamur,

App. Mag. p. 298, 14.

1) Obsolete: term

2) Military: reference position

3) Engineering: datum point, dead point, fiducial point, fixed point, initial point, main base, reference, reference point

4) Mathematics: our point of departure is the formula (2)

5) Railway term: origin (кривой, системы координат и т. п.)

6) Law: baseline (при отсчёте ширины территориальных вод)

7) Economy: take-off

8) Automobile industry: origin (напр. кривой, системы координат), ruling point

9) Information technology: seed point

10) Oil: departure, starting point

11) Cartography: fiducial point (в измерениях), given point, head-of-the-line (съёмки, хода), referring object (в триангуляции)

12) Advertising: point of departure

13) Business: basis point, beginning, origin, point of reference

14) Network technologies: source

15) Automation: datum, departure point (при движении)

16) Robots: benchmark

17) Aviation medicine: point of reference ( начальная), reference point (начальная)

18) Makarov: base, basis, terminus a quo

19) SAP.tech. source element

20) Cement: holding point

1) General subject: central point, departure, starting point, denial, point of departure, jumping-off point, starting place, beginning point

2) Biology: starting point (процесса)

3) Obsolete: term

4) Military: jumping-off place

5) Mathematics: origin, origin (Our point of departure is the formula (2.6).), starting point (for)

6) Diplomatic term: initial stage, point of reference

7) Psychology: datum, starting point (пункт)

8) EBRD: benchmark

9) Aviation medicine: base, base point

10) Makarov: entering wedge, fiducial point, point of departure (в рассуждении и т.п.), terminus a quo

• bordering

• bullring

• deathwatch beetle

• neighborhood

• neighboring wall

• neighbour

• neighbourly

• terminus a quo

• termite nest

• thine

• thing done between others

• thingumbob

• think

• what corresponds

• what difference does it make

• woodworm

• terminable annuity

• terminal access controller

• terminologist

• terminus a quo

• terminologist

• terminus a quo

• terminologist

• terminus a quo

• terminologist

• terminus a quo

• computer terminal

• end-point

• fin

• final acceptance

• outlet connection

• terminable annuity

• terminal access controller

• terminologist

• terminus a quo